Which psychological issues are most commonly reported by NICU parents?

The high rate of anxiety and depression among NICU parents is well-documented in the literature on perinatal mental health. Parents of infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit often experience significant stress due to the medical complexities and uncertainties surrounding their child's health. This intense environment can lead to feelings of overwhelm, helplessness, and fear, which are common precursors of anxiety and depression.

Research indicates that the separations from the infant, the need for constant monitoring and intervention, and the overall unpredictable nature of a NICU stay contribute to these mental health challenges. The emotional strain of having a critically ill child can provoke acute stress reactions and long-term psychological effects, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), in some parents.

Furthermore, factors such as the infant's prognosis, the duration of NICU stay, and the parents' previous mental health history can further exacerbate feelings of anxiety and depression. Hence, option C accurately reflects the realities faced by many NICU parents and is supported by extensive research in this field.